Leaving Omelas

By Christopher Kanski

Chris Kanski, “a reluctant yuppie who dances often and writes sporadically”, encounters Omelas for the first time.

In amateur philosophy, thought experiments try to get to the core of questions, usually ethical ones, by stripping them of context; the trolley problem that’s taught in high schools has faceless victims and no perpetrator and you, the imagined agent at the lever, have no context for your being there. I think they’re useless. I think every thought experiment I’ve ever encountered makes an assumption that stripped context isn’t a context itself. What you would do in the imagined, ‘pure’ scenario is relegated to that scenario; whatever conclusions about ethical choices you come to become largely null and void when presented with the countless variables that real-life context provides.

None of us, ever, will find ourselves in a context where we make an ethical decision based purely on rational thought with a total lack of feeling. But when I was young and coddled by private school and a loving, secure home life, I didn’t have much use for deep feeling and, spurned at the time by both girls and boys, I felt my intelligence grew far beyond my years if I chased exactly that kind of unburdened rational thought. Which is why if I’d stumbled across Ursula K. Le Guin’s story, “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas”, as a young teen, I’d probably have trained my critical thinking skills a little, and if my musings about that trolley problem didn’t impress my peers I would’ve dropped the pretences and told them that I’d read a story that had sex and drugs in it, and that would be that.

That isn’t how I first experienced the story: I heard its synopsis over a breakfast table and then, weeks later as I was shopping with a friend and she asked me if I eat pork, I saw the Omelasian child in front of me, whimpering and bleeding and moaning –  a feeling of guilt that I’ve been nurturing for years was given imagery. I knew then in the supermarket, even before reading the story, that I’d write about it and give expression to the pain of complicity that affects me daily, to tide me over until the pain boils up again and demands repeated expression with new words or through a new medium.

In “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, the city of Omelas is a utopia; throughout the story Le Guin breaks the fourth wall to explicitly point out the fiction of it and encourages us as readers to flex and bend certain aspects of the utopia to our own preferences. She tuned in to our base, perpetually unfulfillable desires of comradeship, sex, highs, and joys and it’s intoxicating, when reading, to be asked to participate in constructing Omelas with exactly the building blocks most of us strongly desire. It makes the twist that much sharper: our utopia which has made our hearts swell and sparked our carnal desires, Le Guin tells us, is only made possible because of a single child’s suffering. Le Guin isn’t the sole architect here either, the choice of where the child’s tiny cell is held in the city is the reader’s choice. What’s cemented is that for the utopia to exist, the child must exist with open sores untreated and exposed to its own shit forever. The sacrificial child is vividly, disgustingly described in its perpetual state of suffering and we’re horrified not only by its pain but by ourselves, as at this point in the story we’re invested in the fantasy of our utopia that we helped build, our heads are still fuzzy with ideas of art, sex, feasts, and dance; we’re already wondering soon after the first glance into the cell if we’d let the child suffer for our perpetual comfort, ecstasy, and happiness.

Continue reading “Leaving Omelas”

Henry Farrell talks to Kim Stanley Robinson

Henry Farrell teaches democracy and international affairs at Johns Hopkins University. Kim Stanley Robinson is a science fiction writer whose most recent novel is The Ministry for the Future. Their conversation took place in March 2023 at Stanford’s Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, around Tor’s forthcoming June 2024 re-issue of Robinson’s 1984 novel, Icehenge.

HF – How did you come to write Icehenge?

KSR – When I was a kid I loved stories about archeology, including pseudo-archaeology. There were quite a few fake archaeologies about when people first got to the Americas – the Phoenicians; St. Brendan; the Welsh – I read all these with huge pleasure. Everybody got to America, it seemed. I was perhaps 10 or 12.  Whether I was making any distinctions as to whether these were real or not, I’m not sure.  I just loved them so much as stories. 

One of the stories was about the Kensington Stone, which was discovered in Minnesota in 1898. A Swedish American farmer found a piece of stone, with runes carved onto it saying more or less ‘we’re out here, the natives are killing us, mother Mary save us.’ It’s actually quite moving as a prose poem or last testament.  It was dated to 1362, and Hjalmar Holand, a scientist from Chicago, decided that this was a genuine stone and spent his career trying to find an expedition from that era that would explain it. He found that a pope of that time had asked the Danes to find out what had happened to the church in Greenland, and an expedition had gone off to do so, and never was heard of again. Hjalmar Holand said these people got to Greenland, found it abandoned, went up the Hudson Bay looking for the missing Greenlanders, then went up one of the rivers leading southwest, and in two weeks were in the middle of Minnesota, where the locals killed them with arrows. 

You can still go to Kensington Minnesota, where there is a 10 ton, 20 foot high copy of the stone, which was just a little thing. The original stone was displayed in the Smithsonian for a while as evidence of Vikings in America, but many experts in runes were dubious from the start about the language on the stone. They thought it was all wrong, but Holand defended it until he died. A couple of years later, someone noticed that all the runes were multiples of one inch long, suggesting it had been carved with a one inch chisel. It turned out that the Swedish farmer who found it was a country intellectual, who wanted to bother the brains of the learned, as he once put it. He’s almost certainly the guy who did it.   But since Holand had died, he didn’t see it being removed from the museum. 

At that point I began to get interested in hoaxes as such.  The Vinland map was thought to be a hoax, and then was thought to be real, and now we think it’s a hoax again. I was interested in how hoaxes got found out, what the methodologies are and so on. Then in the midst of my reading, they found a real Viking site in Newfoundland at L’Anse aux Meadows. At that point I was 11 years old, so that dates my reading of this stuff.  The news was announced in National Geographic, and I was thrilled. 

So, when I became a science fiction writer, I was wondering what kind of stories to tell. I was young, nothing in particular had happened to me, so I was often telling stories out of books. Then a friend sent me an article in Forbes magazine saying that we could live up to 500 years if we could repair our DNA when it got damaged. I thought, Wow, what if Hjalmar Holand had lived a little longer, and thus saw his entire life’s work knocked down like a house of cards—what would he have said? How would he have felt?  And I thought that would make a story. 

Continue reading “Henry Farrell talks to Kim Stanley Robinson”